Town of Westford, Massachusetts

 

 

Nominations

for the

 

National Register of Historic Places

 

 

 

 

Westford Historical Commission

March 2003


Table of Contents

 

Table of Contents. ii

Westford Listings on the National Register of Historic Places. 1

The National Register of Historic Places. 1

Westford Center Historic District 2

Description. 2

Development 2

Public Spaces. 3

Public Buildings. 4

Commercial Buildings. 6

Colonial Period, Pre 1775. 7

Federal Period, 1775-1830. 8

Early Industrial Period, 1830-1870. 9

Late Industrial Period, 1870-1915. 12

Early Modern Period, 1915-1945. 16

1945 – Present 17

Statement of Significance. 18

Summary. 18

Settlement 19

Colonial Period, Pre 1775. 20

Federal Period, 1775-1830. 21

Public Buildings. 21

Residential Buildings. 22

Early Industrial Period, 1830-1870. 22

Public Buildings. 23

Residential Buildings. 23

Late Industrial Period, 1870-1915. 24

Public Spaces. 25

Public Buildings. 25

Residential Buildings. 26

Early Modern Period, 1915-1945. 28

Public Buildings. 28

Residential Buildings. 28

Post Early Modern Period. 28

Conclusion. 28

Geographical Data. 29

Boundary Description. 29

Boundary Justification. 29

Graniteville Historic District 31

Description. 31

Introduction. 31

Development 31

Quarries. 32

Industrial Architecture. 32

Institutional Architecture. 33

Residential Architecture. 35

Commercial Architecture. 37

Bridges. 37

Pond. 37

Statement of Significance. 38

Summary. 38

Contact Period 1500-1620. 38

Colonial Period 1620-1775. 38

Federal/Pre-Industrial Period 1775-1854. 38

Early Industrial Period 1854-1877. 39

Transportation. 39

Population. 39

Economic Base. 40

Quarrying. 40

C. G. Sargent & Sons Machine Manufacturers. 40

Charles Grandison Sargent 1819-1878. 41

Abbot Worsted Company. 41

Pre 1877 Architecture. 42

Institutional 42

Residential 42

Commercial 42

Industrial Period 1877-1910. 42

Transportation. 43

Population. 43

Economic Base. 43

Industrial Establishments. 43

Commercial Establishments. 44

Architecture. 45

Industrial 45

Institutional 45

Residential 45

Modern Period 1910-1949. 45

Transportation. 45

Population. 45

Economic Base. 46

Architecture 1910-1949. 46

Industrial 46

Institutional 47

Residential 47

1949-Present 47

Geographical Data. 48

Verbal Boundary Description. 48

Boundary Justification. 48

Forge Village Historic District 50

Description. 50

Introduction. 50

Development 50

Colonial Period Residential Architecture 1620-1775. 51

Federal/Early Industrial Period Residential Architecture 1775-1853. 51

Industrial Period Residential Architecture 1853-1910. 52

Modern Period Residential Architecture 1910-1956. 53

Institutional Architecture. 54

Commercial Buildings. 55

Industrial Buildings. 56

Structures. 57

Statement of Significance. 57

Summary. 57

Contact Period 1500-1620. 57

Colonial Period 1620-1775. 58

Federal/Early Industrial Period 1775-1853. 58

Transportation Routes. 59

Population. 59

Economic Base. 60

Architecture. 60

Institutional 60

Residential 60

Industrial 61

Commercial 61

Industrial Period 1853-1910. 62

Transportation Routes. 62

Population. 62

Economic Base. 63

Westford Forge Company. 63

Forge Village Horse Nail Company. 64

Abbot Worsted Company. 64

Corporate Growth. 64

Industrial Process. 65

Secondary Industry. 66

Architecture. 66

Residential 66

Institutional 67

Commercial 67

Modern Period 1910-1956. 68

Transportation Routes. 68

Population. 68

Economic Base. 69

Abbot Worsted Company. 69

Secondary Industry and Commerce. 69

Architecture. 70

Commercial 70

Residential 70

Institutional 70

Recreational 70

Conclusion. 71

Geographical Data. 71

Verbal Boundary Description. 71

Boundary Justification. 71

Parker Village Historic District 73

Description. 73

Introduction. 73

Architectural Resources. 73

Other Resources. 75

Conclusion. 75

Statement of Significance. 75

Introduction. 76

First Settlement and Colonial Periods 1620-1775. 76

Federal Period  1775-1830. 77

Early Industrial Period 1830-1870. 77

Late Industrial Period 1870-1915. 78

Modern Period 1915-1965. 79

Conclusion. 79

Geographical Data. 80

Verbal Boundary Description. 81

Boundary Justification. 81

Brookside Historic District 82

Description. 82

Introduction. 82

Brookside Mill 82

Residential Architecture. 83

Statement of Significance. 85

Introduction. 85

Pre-Industrial Period. 85

Early Industrial Period 1830-1870. 85

Late Industrial Period 1870-1919. 86

Modern Period 1919-1975. 88

Conclusion. 89

Geographical Data. 89

Verbal Boundary Description. 89

Boundary Justification. 89

Fairview Cemetery. 91

Description. 91

Introduction. 91

Landscape. 91

Walls. 92

Gateways. 92

Paths. 92

Plot Delineation. 92

Tombs. 92

Buildings. 93

Markers. 93

Carvers. 95

Existing Conditions. 95

Statement of Significance. 95

Introduction, 1700-1830. 95

1830-1897. 96

1897-1950. 97

Conclusion. 99

Geographical Data. 99

Verbal Boundary Description. 99

Boundary Justification. 99

Westlawn Cemetery. 101

Description. 101

Introduction. 101

Landscape. 101

Markers. 102

Military and Commemorative Markers. 103

Existing Conditions. 104

Statement of Significance. 104

Introduction. 104

1760-1830. 104

1830-1900. 106

1900-1950. 107

Conclusion. 108

Geographical Data. 108

Verbal Boundary Description. 108

Boundary Justification. 108

Hillside Cemetery. 110

Description. 110

Introduction. 110

Landscape. 110

Markers. 110

Gravestone Carvers. 112

Statement of Significance. 112

Introduction. 112

1753-1830. 112

1830-1900. 114

1900-1960. 115

Conclusion. 115

Geographical Data. 115

Verbal Boundary Description: 115

Boundary Justification: 116

Wright Cemetery. 118

Description. 118

Introduction. 118

Landscape. 118

Markers. 118

Carvers. 119

Statement of Significance. 120

Introduction. 120

1819-1900. 120

1900-1960. 121

Conclusion. 122

Geographical Data. 122

Verbal Boundary Description: 122

Boundary Justification: 122

Russian Cemetery. 125

Description. 125

Introduction. 125

Landscape. 125

Markers. 125

Military and Commemorative Markers. 126

Gravestone Carvers and Manufacturers. 126

Existing Conditions. 126

Statement of Significance. 126

Introduction. 126

1918-1960. 127

Conclusion. 128

Geographical Data. 128

Verbal Boundary Description: 128

Boundary Justification: 128

John Proctor House, 218 Concord Road. 131

Description. 131

Historical Physical Appearance. 132

Statement of Significance. 132

Geographical Data. 135

Verbal Boundary Description. 135

Boundary Justification. 135

Henry Fletcher House and Barn, 224 Concord Road. 136

Description. 136

Historic Physical Appearance. 137

Statement of Significance. 138

Geographical Data. 139

Verbal Boundary Description. 139

Boundary Justification. 140

Combined Bibliography. 141

 


Westford Listings on the National Register of Historic Places

 

The National Register of Historic Places

 

The National Register of Historic Places is a listing of buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts significant in our nation’s history, culture, architecture or archaeology and that are worthy of preservation.  It is a federal designation, administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the Massachusetts Historical Commission as the State Historic Preservation Office.  Listing in the National Register provides formal recognition of the property’s significance, certain federal tax incentives for owners of income-producing property, and limited protection from federally funded, licensed or assisted projects.  In addition, listing on the National Register can provide some exemptions from the state building code.

 

National Register listing in no way limits the owner’s use of the property and places absolutely no restrictions or conditions on changes made by a private property owner unless there is state or federal involvement in a project or unless some other regional or local regulation is in effect.  Nominations to the National Register are usually initiated by a property owner or by the local historic commission and do not require any local government approval.  Property owners have the right to object to listing on the National Register, and a district will not be listed if the majority of the owners object.

 

The National Register should not be confused with a Local Historic District, which may be established by towns to preserve the unique characteristics of a certain area and may require review of exterior changes to a building by a Local Historic District Commission.  Westford has no Local Historic Districts.

 

Properties listed on the National Register are also automatically included on the State Register of Historic Places.  This provides limited protection from adverse effects by state funded, licensed or assisted projects.  More importantly, it enhances the opportunity for owners of municipal or private nonprofit properties to apply for 50% matching state grants through the Massachusetts Preservation Projects Fund.

 

As early as 1976, in its second year of existence, the Westford Historical Commission began the process to place Westford Center on the National Register of Historic Places.  This work culminated on August 28, 1998, when Westford Center was placed on the National Register by the Department of the Interior’s, Parks and Services Office, Washington, D.C.  Listing on the National Register is accomplished by completing a detailed nomination form (NPS Form 10-900) that describes in some detail the historic, architectural and cultural features of the site.  The following list names the sites that Historical Commission has nominated and the status of each nomination.  Links are provided to extracts from the nominations for each site.  They provide a nice overview of the history of each site with some biographical information on persons associated with each site.  Copies of the complete nominations are available at the J. V. Fletcher Library and the Westford Museum.

 

Site

Status

Westford Center Historic District

Listed on National Register August 28, 1998

Graniteville Historic District

Listed on National Register January 17, 2002

Forge Village Historic District

Listed on National Register May 2, 2002

Brookside Historic District

Listed on National Register January 23, 2003

Parker Village Historic District

Listed on National Register December 27, 2002

Fairview Cemetery

Nomination sent to state May 2002

Westlawn Cemetery

Nomination sent to state May 2002

Hillside Cemetery

Nomination in progress, submit to state June 2003

Wright Cemetery

Nomination in progress, submit to state June 2003

Russian Cemetery

Nomination in progress, submit to state June 2003

John Proctor House, 218 Concord Road

Listed on the National Register February 4, 1993

Henry Fletcher House & Barn, 224 Concord Road

Listed on the National Register September 30, 1993