Who sets the standards and rules for braille?

In the United States, The Braille Authority of North America sets most of the braille standards. Its main publications are English Braille, American Edition and Braille Formats: Principles of Print to Braille Transcription

Another organization, the National Library Service for the Blind and Visually Handicapped certifies braille transcribers and publishes another set of rules called the Instruction Manual for Braille Transcribing.

In the United Kingdom, the Braille Authority of the United Kingdom sets the braille rules. However, the Royal National Institute for the Blind publishes an influential Transcriber's Manual as well.